@article {logue_smaller_2018,
	title = {Smaller hippocampal and amygdala volume in posttraumatic stress disorder: A multi-site ENIGMAPGC study.},
	journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
	volume = {83},
	number = {3},
	year = {2018},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {244{\textendash}253},
	abstract = {Many studies report smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but findings have not always been consistent. Here, we present the results of a large-scale neuroimaging consortium study on PTSD conducted by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC){\textendash}Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) PTSD Working Group. We analyzed neuroimaging and clinical data from 1868 subjects (794 PTSD patients) contributed by 16 cohorts, representing the largest neuroimaging study of PTSD to date. We assessed the volumes of eight subcortical structures (nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, and lateral ventricle). We used a standardized image-analysis and quality-control pipeline established by the ENIGMA consortium. In a meta-analysis of all samples, we found significantly smaller hippocampi in subjects with current PTSD compared with trauma-exposed control subjects (Cohen{\textquoteright}s d\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;-0.17, p\&nbsp;= .00054), and smaller amygdalae (d\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;-0.11, p\&nbsp;= .025), although the amygdala finding did not survive a significance level that was Bonferroni corrected for multiple subcortical region comparisons (p \textless .0063). Our study is not subject to the biases of meta-analyses of published data, and it represents an important milestone in an ongoing collaborative effort to examine the neurobiological underpinnings of PTSD and the brain{\textquoteright}s response to trauma.},
	keywords = {Amygdala, Childhood trauma, Gender differences, hippocampus, PTSD, Structural MRI},
	issn = {0006-3223},
	doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000632231731990X},
	author = {Logue, Mark W. and van Rooij, Sanne J. H. and Dennis, Emily L. and Davis, Sarah L. and Hayes, Jasmeet P. and Stevens, Jennifer S. and Densmore, Maria and Haswell, Courtney C. and Ipser, Jonathan and Koch, Saskia B. J. and Korgaonkar, Mayuresh and Lebois, Lauren A. M. and Peverill, Matthew and Baker, Justin T. and Boedhoe, Premika S. W. and Frijling, Jessie L. and Gruber, Staci A. and Harpaz-Rotem, Ilan and Jahanshad, Neda and Koopowitz, Sheri and Levy, Ifat and Nawijn, Laura and O{\textquoteright}Connor, Lauren and Olff, Miranda and Salat, David H. and Sheridan, Margaret A. and Spielberg, Jeffrey M. and van Zuiden, Mirjam and Winternitz, Sherry R. and Wolff, Jonathan D. and Wolf, Erika J. and Wang, Xin and Wrocklage, Kristen and Abdallah, Chadi G. and Bryant, Richard A. and Geuze, Elbert and Jovanovic, Tanja and Kaufman, Milissa L. and King, Anthony P. and Krystal, John H. and Lagopoulos, Jim and Bennett, Maxwell and Lanius, Ruth and Liberzon, Israel and McGlinchey, Regina E. and McLaughlin, Katie A. and Milberg, William P. and Miller, Mark W. and Ressler, Kerry J. and Veltman, Dick J. and Stein, Dan J. and Thomaes, Kathleen and Paul M. Thompson and Morey, Rajendra A.}
}
