@article {kessler_childhood_2010,
	title = {Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys},
	journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {197},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {378{\textendash}385},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although significant associations of childhood adversities with adult mental disorders are widely documented, most studies focus on single childhood adversities predicting single disorders. AIMS: To examine joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset of 20 DSM-IV disorders in World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys in 21 countries. METHOD: Nationally or regionally representative surveys of 51 945 adults assessed childhood adversities and lifetime DSM-IV disorders with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). RESULTS: Childhood adversities were highly prevalent and interrelated. Childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning (e.g. parental mental illness, child abuse, neglect) were the strongest predictors of disorders. Co-occurring childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning had significant subadditive predictive associations and little specificity across disorders. Childhood adversities account for 29.8\% of all disorders across countries. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood adversities have strong associations with all classes of disorders at all life-course stages in all groups of WMH countries. Long-term associations imply the existence of as-yet undetermined mediators.},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Age of Onset, Causality, Child, Child abuse, Child of Impaired Parents, Crime, Epidemiologic Methods, Family Health, Family Relations, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Disorders, Preschool, Socioeconomic Factors, World Health Organization, Young Adult},
	issn = {1472-1465},
	doi = {10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499},
	author = {Ronald C. Kessler and McLaughlin, Katie A. and Green, Jennifer Greif and Gruber, Michael J. and Sampson, Nancy A. and Zaslavsky, Alan M. and Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio and Alhamzawi, Ali Obaid and Alonso, Jordi and Angermeyer, Matthias and Benjet, Corina and Bromet, Evelyn and Chatterji, Somnath and Girolamo, Giovanni de and Demyttenaere, Koen and Fayyad, John and Florescu, Silvia and Gal, Gilad and Gureje, Oye and Haro, Josep Maria and Hu, Chi-Yi and Karam, Elie G. and Kawakami, Norito and Lee, Sing and L{\'e}pine, Jean-Pierre and Ormel, Johan and Posada-Villa, Jos{\'e} and Sagar, Rajesh and Tsang, Adley and Ust{\"u}n, T. Bedirhan and Vassilev, Svetlozar and Viana, Maria Carmen and Williams, David R.}
}
